Samuel child



Sr CHILD, Jr., 6L R. A. CGPELAND.

Vapor Stove.

No. 68,045.v Patented Aug, '27,. 1867s N, FEIERS, FMOTO-TIMJGRAPHER` wAsmNGTOM, D C4 '@[nitri tateatnt @ffice SAMUEL CHILD, JR., AND A. GOPELAND, OF BAL'IIMORE, MARYLAND,

ASSIGNORS 'IO SAMUEL CHILD, JR., 0F SAME PLAGE."

Letters Patent No. 68,045, ma August 27, 1867.

VAPOR-BURNBRS FOR HEATING.

'itlge Stimuli .retener tu in tinte ttttir utent mit mating pitt nf tigt 5min.

TO WIIOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Bc it lknown that \ve,'SAMUEL CHILD, Jr., and R. A. COPELAND, of Baltimore, in the county of Baltimore, and State of Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vapor-Burners; and we hereby declare the following t'o be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, 'reference being had to the accom panying drawings- Our invention relates to that class of burners used for cooking, heating, and other purposes, in which' the vapor ot' petroleum, when mixed with atmospheric air, is used as a heating agent.

In apparatus of this kind the oil is generally supplied from a. reservoir placed above the level of the burners', so thatV the oil may be forced, by hydrostatic pressure, to 'iiow through the intermediate pipes and enter the retorts, where it becomes vaporizedand issues from the burners in the form of gas.

Our invention relatesV more particularly to the arrangement ot' the pipes or tubes which conduct the iluid to the vaporizing-chambers and to thearrangcment of the valvesfor regulating the supply of the fluid to the same; and it consists- First. In locating the opening through which the oiljlows from the supply pipeinto the vaporizing-chamber so that it shall be above the level both of the valve which regulates the low ofthe oil from the reservoir to the retort, and also of that portion of the supply pipe between the said valve and the retort.

Y Second. In the combination withone or more pipes, provided with openings arranged as described, of a i regulating valve or stop-cock, located on the main supply pipe at any point below the level of the said open ings, so that when the pressure of the column of fluid is cut off by the valve or cock the How of oil from the said openings into the retorts shall instantly cease.

Third. In the combination .with the main regulating valve or cock of one or more check-valves, placed in the openings through which the duid enters the retort, as just described, under such an arrangement that by increasing or lessening the pressure of the superior column of fluid the check-valves shall operate automatically to open or close the openings in which they are respectively seated.

Fourth. In surrounding the pipe which conducts the luid to the points where it is vaporized with a jacket or tube, in which the oil is :Ieper-ized and the vapor is held and supplied to the Vdill'erent burners. A

.By means of the arrangement of the supply pipes and valves above mentioned we are enabled to check or stop, almost instantaneously, the i'low ofthe oil into the retorts or vaporizing-chambers; for, as the oil is forced through the openings or mouth et'4 the supply pipes into the retorts by the pressure of the column of iluid cona tained in the upright reservoir pipe, the moment this pressure is removed by the closingr of the valve the oil will cease to flow through the openings, for the reason that they are above the level of the pipes and valve,4us above explained; and 80,110 matter 'how greatthe number of valvular openings, the flow of the oil from them may be checkedl by a single valve, located at any point between them and the reservoir, provided, always, that their position relatively to the valve and the pipes be substantially the same as above indicated. By .placing check-v`alves in these openings', which are formed so as to constitute seats for the valves, the

1 further vuporizing of the fluid is cheeked after the main valve is closed, and the back flow of the gas or vapor into the pipe is prevented. The valves play loosely in their seats, and are made to rise and fall and to operate automatically by opening the main valve more or less, so as to graduate the pressure ofthe column of fluid upon the'm. Of course, as soon ast-he hydrostatic pressure is removed the valves fall back in their seats, closing the openings tightly. The supply pipe is surrounded by a tubular jacket, which at the same time constitutes the retort and the chamber for holding the vapor. i We are thus enabled to keep the pipe comparatively cool, se as tov prevent the fluid from becoming volatilized until it enters the retort; for the vapor by which it is surrounded,l and which is interposed between it and the outer and heated jacket, checks to a great degree thetransmission of heat to the supply pipe, and thereby prevents the vaporization of' the fluid within the same.

To enable others to understand and use our invention, We will new proceed to describe the manner in which the same is or may be carried into effect, by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l represents a horizontal section of the main valve for regulating the ilow of the oill from the reservoir. p

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the main supply pipe, one of its branches being represented in sect-ion.

Figure 3 is-a longitudinal verticalsection ofthe branch shown in section in fig. 2;

Figure 4 is a longitudinal vertical section of a single burner; and

Figures 5 and 6 are views of detached parts.

The essential parts of our invention are shown in tig. 4., The upright reservoir pipe A and the supply or' retort pipe C which vconducts the oil Ato the vaporizing-chamber, are connected by an elbow-joint, B, to and in which they are screwed er otherwise suitably fastened. In rear of and on theprolongation of' the axis of the supply pipe a conical opening or recess, is made in the joint, through which the fluid from the reservoir pipe A enters the supply pipe. lhis conical opening forms the seatof a similarly-shaped screw-valve, a, whose stem is taken out from the rear of the joint and revolves on the prolongationpf the axis of the pipe Surrounding the supply pipe, and concentric with it, isla larger pipe or tubular jacket, D, one of the ends of which is attached to the elbow-joint B, the other endearrying the retort or vaporizing-chamber E. This chamber is of ordinary construction, and has screwed to its top the heater-'cap F, in which is formed the oriiice or burner t through which the gas generated in the retort escapes. The supply pipe-.O enters the retort, and has screwed over its end a cap',f, the top of which issomewhat higher than the level of the pipe; In the. top of the cap an opening, c, is formed through which the oil from thepipe C lows into the retort E, A conical plug or checkvalve, d, fits in thsiepening, being held in its seat by its weight alone. The supply pipe, as well as the cap f, is entirely disconnected from and independent of surrounding tube D and retort E; the .pipe C audits jacket beinglboth screwed to the solid joint D, which is pierced, as above mentioned, so as to open communication between the two pipesA and C. It follows, from this entire want of contact between thetwo pipes, that there is but little heat transmitted from the retort and jacket to the supply pipe, and the vapor which fills the annular space betweenthe inner and outer tubes has thc tendency to still further diminish the heat `of the inner one, and to keep it at a'suiiciently low temperature.

' v The apparatus isoperatedin the following manner: When the valve. a is opened the oil, by reason of the superior pressure of the column of fluid in the upright reservoir pipe A, willV flow through the pipe C, and forcing up the valve d, as shown in the drawing, will enter the retort E, where, being vaporized, it will gradually pass out through the burner z. During this process -the annular space between the outer and inner pipes becomes ill'ed with lvapor, which, as above said, serves te keep the oil in the inner pipe at a sufficiently low temperature to prevent it from becoming too volatile.

The use of thecheck-valve d is productive of important results, for it not only gives great regularity and steadiness to the flow of the oil, and to its vaporization, by maintaining a lconstant equilibrium between the lpressure of the oil and that of the gas, but it prevents any back flow ofthe vapor into the supply pipe; for it',

at any time, the pressure of the gas should be excessive the valve will be forced back into its seat, thus closing the opening' to the supply pipe; and it also ei'eetually prevents the further vaporization of the-fluid, or any possibility of its flow into the retort after the main valve a is closed. p

In order to cut off theilow of the oil into the retort the valve a should be closed. As soon as this is done the oil in the supply pipe,being no longer impelled by the superior column of fluid in therpipe A, naturally ceases to run up through the opening in the cap f, which, as before said, is above the level of the supply pipe and its valve a, so. that, although theoil still fills the pipe C, its further movement towards the retort is thus leiieetually stopped. As an additional safeguard against any escape of the oil from the pipe, the check-valve .Y l d, being n o longer upheld by the iluid, drops in its seat and closes Athe orifice or open-ing e completely.

Instead of the arrangement for a single burner, shown in iig. 4c, sueh disposition may be made ofthe pipes as to admit of any number of burners being formed on them, all of which can be regulated by a single valve located similarly to: the valve a. The method of doing this is shown in figs. l, 2, and 3.

A' lhereservoir pipo A', as before, is secured to ajoin-t er sleeve, B', which carries the valve a' and valveseat b' for regulating the supply of oil tothe various burners.' The main supply pipe C' and surrounding jacket D' are also arranged with respect to each other and secured to the joint or sleeve B', as above described.

The pipes', still preserving their relative positions to each other, branch at desired points, and have formed in' them at intervals, orifices, over which sleeves E andf are fitted. The sleeves E' carry burners and heater'- caps t' aud F', which are arranged se as to bejust above the orifices in thejaeket D'. The sleevesf' have openings c' formed in their tops, which are placed over the openings in the supply pipe C', and have fitted to them check-valves d', the openings e being above the level of the pipe C'. In other words, the sleeves E and f are substantially the same with the retort E and capfshown in iig.v 4, and'their functions are the same, the vonly differences being those of construction, so as to allow the supply pipe and its surrounding jacket to be extended in order that more burners may beformed on them. No matter how many branches are taken out from the main supply pipe, and how many burners are formed thereon, the main valve e' will regulate the supply of the luid to all, and will cause the automatic movement of the check-valves d', as above explained. The supply pipe and its surrounding jacket are diseonneeted'and separate from each other throughout their entire length, whether in the main pipe or branches; and the jacket D thus forms, as it were, a continuous retort, extending from the block or sleeve or joint B' throughout the Whole length of the main and branches, the supply pipe'being therefore surrounded from one end tothe other by vapor, which effeetually prevents it from being materially affected by the heat of` the outer tube.

The apparatus I have described may' be used in any connection in which wood, coal, or other ordinary heating agents are employed.' It is peculiarly adapted for use with an ordinary steam-boiler, the cheapness of the petroleum effecting an important saving in fuel; and it presents other advantages which need not here be detailed.

It will, of course, be understood that the openings c in the sleevef or capf may be located in the sides as well as in the tops of the sleeves and cap, provided their position relatively to the pipes and main valve be unchanged, and the check-valves may consequently be placed horizontally instead of vertically.

Having described our invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be carried into eii'cct, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. In apparatus, as herein described, we claim the method ot' regulating the supply of Huid to the retort. by loca-ting the opening through which the oilenters `the retort so that it shall be above the level both of the valve for regulating the flow of the oil from the reservoir and of that portion of the supply pipe bctween'the said valve and the retort, substantially as'described. i

2. In combination with one or morev supply pipes, communicating with the retorts or.vaporizing-chambers through'opeuings arranged as described, 'we claim 4a regulating valve or cock, or equivalent device, placed at any point between the said supply pipes and the main or reservoir pipe, but so that it shall be below the level of the said openings, whereby the iiow'of oil to each and every retort may be simultaneously regulated. substantially as shown and set forth. p

3. Iii-combination with the pipes and main valve or coole, arranged relatively to each other as described, we claim the check-valves located in the respective openings through which the oil enters the retorts, so that by the movement of the main valves the said check-valves shall operate automatically to open or close thev entrances to the retorts, substantially as herein shown and set forth. I

4. We claim enclosing the supply pipe Withinl a tubular jacket which carries theretorts, or itself constitutes the chamber in which the oil is vapor-ized, the said pipeand jacket being disconnected and separate, so as to form between them a continuous annular space in whichthc vaporized fluid is held, substantially as and. for the purposes shown and set forth. i

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification before tivo subscribing witnesses.

'SAMUEL CHILD, Jn.,

R. Ai-COPELAND.

Witnesses:

A. PoLLoK, EDM. F. BROWN. 

